Offensive weapons: Herblock and the visual rhetoric of postwar liberalism (2024)

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Laughter Louder Than Bombs? Apocalyptic Graphic Satire in Cold War Cartooning, 1946–1959

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Brandon Webb

In the postwar American media landscape, “the bomb” symbolized both security and insecurity. Two of the nation’s leading syndicated cartoonists—the Washington Post’s Herbert Block and the Village Voice’s Jules Feiffer—played on this paradox by parodying the arms race, civil defense, nuclear testing and deterrence. But the schisms within progressive politics in this period distinguished Block and Feiffer as social critics. At the height of anticommunist hysteria, Block’s single-panel editorial cartoons often featured the anthropomorphized Mr. Atom, who became a spectral figure within the Cold War imaginary. In the post-McCarthy era, Feiffer’s narrative-driven strips spoofed military Keynesianism by critiquing the role capitalism played in fueling the nuclear crisis. While Block and Feiffer both recognized the existential threat posed by nuclear weapons, they were representative of a left-liberal divide at a point when humor was undergoing transformations in the wider culture and a political struggle over the bomb’s future was being fiercely waged. By foregrounding these cleavages, this essay argues that satirizing the full slate of contradictions of the nuclear era meant questioning the basic assumptions of the Cold War rivalry and breaking from the consensus framework altogether. Only by critiquing the ideology of the American Cold War commitment could the absurdities of the arms race be laid bare.

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A Masters Thesis: This study is a rhetorical analysis of Richard Nixon’s early-career anti-communist conspiracy rhetoric. In conspiracy scholarship, two tracks have emerged: the paranoid style and the political style of conspiracy. Nixon, though, as a tricky rhetor, does not fall neatly within either of those styles, instead he samples from both styles over time and even within single speeches. After synthesizing the two styles into a method, I analyze three early Nixon anti- communist conspiracy texts between 1946-1962 which span those years and cover various genres. Text one is Nixon’s “Maiden Speech” to the House of Representatives in 1947. It is mostly in the paranoid style of conspiracy. Text two is the 1960 presidential campaign pamphlet “The Meaning of Communism to Americans,” which is mostly political. The third text is the first chapter of Nixon’s 1962 memoir Six Crises – the chapter is titled “The Hiss Case.” This text constructs the communist conspiracy fully within the paranoid style while simultaneously creating a “liberalist” conspirator fully in the political style. Due to Nixon’s fluidity between rhetorical styles, I introduce the concept of pragmatic agency to account for his conspiracistic rhetoric, which falls between the political and paranoid.

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(Washington, D. C.: German Historical Institute/Sheridan Press, 2007). This volume emerged from the conference Access-Presentation-Memory: The Presidential Libraries and the Memorial Foundations of German Politicians held at the German Historical Institute, Washington DC. Facilitating dialogue across disciplinary boundaries as well as the Atlantic, it brought representatives from the U.S. presidential libraries, the with professors, archivists, and members of public interest groups. The selected essays offer unique insights into the legal, cultural, and historical.

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There are many honors and privileges bestowed on the occupant of this house, but few mean as much to me as the chance to award America's highest civilian medal....This is a chance for me-and for the United States of America-to say thank you to some of the finest citizens of this country (President Barack Obama, Presidential Medal of Freedom Award Ceremony, August 12, 2009).IntroductionThe Presidential Medal of Freedom (PMOF) is the nation's highest civilian honor. The president of the United States, at his sole discretion, bestows the Medal upon individuals for a variety of meritorious contributions. Because presidents act in an unconstrained manner when recognizing Medal recipients, the PMOF provides a unique opportunity to examine the civic contributions that presidents value most when exercising this symbolic unilateral power. Since the Medal's inception in 1963, U.S. presidents have recognized individuals for their contributions in diverse fields, including athletics...

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The dissertation builds upon the question of why Nixon, a Republican, implemented the first affirmative action programs. It is divided into three parts. The first charts the liberal approach to race relations and the crisis that attended its collapse. As Habermas noted, a "legitimation crisis" affected private institutions necessitating a new round of government intervention. This section explores the idea that affirmative action was part of this legitimation crisis, an administrative replacement for the failure of the post-war hope that racism would disappear after the destruction of formal barriers to black equality. The second looks at the interventions of the Nixon administration. It argues that the Philadelphia Plan was less important in terms of later affirmative action than is usually thought. Other programs (such as the OMBE) developed around the same time became more significant. 1970 became the year that programs aimed at reforming ghettos transformed into progra...

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Offensive weapons: Herblock and the visual rhetoric of postwar liberalism (2024)
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